February 8, 2025 | Future Foods |
Researchers from UCSI University and Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia, conducted a comprehensive review focusing specifically on red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus, RDF), which is a notable source of betacyanins (0.79–1.17%). Despite its bioactive potential, RDF remains underrepresented in scientific reviews, particularly when compared to more commonly studied sources like red beetroot.
This review presents detailed information on RDF, including its taxonomy, common names, production and market relevance, and nutritional composition. Special attention is given to the primary bioactive compounds—betacyanins—and their bioavailability, including antioxidant (hepatoprotective) activity, bioaccessibility, and absorption. The review also compares conventional and emerging processing techniques, such as fermentation and incorporation into food additives, in relation to the stability of betacyanins.
Databases and literature up to December 2024 were searched using targeted keywords. Findings suggest that RDF pulp is still underexploited despite its potential as a functional food ingredient. The review supports the development of RDF-based products to help address non-communicable diseases related to oxidative stress. This work highlights the importance of RDF in contributing to functional food security and aligns with the health and sustainability goals of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
