November 26, 2025 | Tree Genetics & Genomes |
The study conducted in Brazil examined the genetic diversity and population structure of Hancornia speciosa, a native tropical fruit species with high nutritional and economic potential but limited domestication. Despite its importance as a source of vitamins and carotenoids, the species is still mainly harvested from natural populations, and the absence of commercial varieties constrains breeding and large-scale cultivation. To support more efficient use of genetic resources, a national network of germplasm banks has been established, although limited resources restrict the evaluation of all conserved accessions.
Using SNP markers generated by DArTSeq, the study analyzed 508 accessions maintained in three germplasm banks representing the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. The results revealed significant genetic differentiation among germplasm banks (Fst = 0.221), moderate overall genetic diversity, and evidence of inbreeding within banks, likely due to substructure arising from mixed origins of sampled populations. Population structure analysis identified two main genetic groups, with some accessions showing admixture.
Based on these data, a core collection of 138 accessions, representing about 27% of the total collection, was proposed. This subset captured approximately 98% of the genetic diversity currently conserved, providing a practical foundation for future phenotypic evaluation and breeding efforts. The study also highlights the need for additional sampling of unsurveyed natural populations to further strengthen conservation and improvement programs.
