August 02, 2025 | Italian Journal of Agrometeorology |
This study conducted by the National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia examined the influence of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) production across Indonesia. Mangosteen is an important perennial export crop that is sensitive to climate variability. Given the strong impact of ENSO on rainfall and temperature patterns in Indonesia, understanding its effects on mangosteen production is essential for climate risk management.
The study analyzed provincial-level data from 1997 to 2020, including harvested area, yield, and total production. ENSO phases were classified using the Oceanic Niño Index, and production indicators during El Niño and La Niña years were compared with neutral years. The results showed regional variation in responses. In general, the number of harvested plants increased during El Niño years but declined during La Niña years. Yields were typically lower in both El Niño and La Niña years compared with neutral years, except in certain regions such as Bali–Nusa Tenggara and Maluku–Papua. Overall production showed a slight increase during El Niño but declined markedly during La Niña, indicating that excessive rainfall has a stronger negative impact than drought conditions.
The findings highlight the importance of ENSO monitoring and early warning systems to support irrigation planning, drainage management, and other adaptive measures for perennial fruit crops.
