February 06, 2026 | New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science|
This study conducted by Geeta University, India, examines how climate change affects the flowering and fruiting processes of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.), an economically important tropical fruit crop known for its high market value and distinctive flavor. Litchi production depends on a precise transition between vegetative and reproductive growth stages, which are strongly influenced by environmental conditions such as temperature, rainfall, and nutrient availability.
The study discusses how climate variability disrupts these physiological processes. Litchi trees typically require three vegetative flushes, emerging at intervals of two to three weeks, to support successful flowering and fruit development. Changes in temperature and rainfall patterns can alter the timing and balance of these flushes, leading to irregular flowering and reduced yield. Climatic fluctuations may also affect the carbon-to-nitrogen balance in plants, further influencing reproductive development.
At the molecular level, the study highlights that climate-related stress can interfere with genes associated with floral regulation, including LFY (LEAFY) and APETALA, which are important for proper flower formation. Hormonal regulation is also affected, with plant hormones such as auxins, gibberellins, and abscisic acid playing key roles in flowering and fruit retention. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding these physiological and molecular responses in order to develop strategies for maintaining stable litchi production under changing climatic conditions.
