July 18, 2026 | Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy | Sarma
This study conducted by Gauhati University, India examined the status, diversity, and challenges of indigenous fruit production in the Darrang district of Assam. Fruits play an important role in local livelihoods, nutrition, and cultural practices. However, the increasing shift toward commercial cash crops and the introduction of exotic fruits have reduced the prominence of traditional fruit species in the region.
The study documented both cultivated and wild fruit species and assessed their economic potential and market prospects. It was observed that land use changes, particularly the reduction of open grazing areas over the past three decades, have significantly affected the availability of indigenous fruit resources. Areca nut and banana cultivation currently occupy the largest areas, while fruits such as mango, jackfruit, Assam lemon, pomelo, and litchi also contribute substantially to production. Several endemic species, including mangosteen and elephant apple, are mainly found in wild habitats or household gardens.
Despite their nutritional and economic value, the commercialization of these fruits remains limited due to poor market access and their perishable nature. The study highlights that with improved management, conservation, and marketing strategies, indigenous fruit production could contribute more significantly to local socio-economic development and support sustainable agricultural systems.
