October 28, 2024 | International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) |
Agriculture accounts for 31% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with rice production alone contributing 8-14% of the sector's total emissions. Accurate monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) of these emissions is critical to achieving climate goals, as highlighted at the "Climate Transparency in Agrifood System: Understanding MRVs and COP29" workshop, co-organized by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) from 21-23 October. The workshop brought together experts from Asia-Pacific countries to discuss the challenges of measuring GHG data and develop policy recommendations for the region ahead of COP29. Current MRV systems operate according to three tiers defined by the IPCC, ranging from Tier 1's global default factors to Tier 3's advanced ground measurements and modelling that provide the highest accuracy. However, adoption of Tier 3 is limited due to cost, technical capacity and data management challenges. One of the few countries that has demonstrated the ability to use a Tier 3 inventory in rice production is Japan.
Experts stressed that moving from Tier 1 to Tier 2 - using locally measured emissions data - could improve accuracy without adding undue complexity. Vietnam's tried and tested approach to MRV systems, combining ground and satellite data, was presented as a model for comprehensive GHG assessment. However, the costs of training, equipment and national implementation remain significant barriers.
Despite these challenges, robust MRV systems are essential for effective participation in carbon markets and for achieving Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. Stakeholders stressed the urgency of addressing methodological and financial barriers to support climate-smart agriculture, reduce emissions, and protect global food security as climate impacts intensify.
