Smart Net-Zero

February 12, 2025 | Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) |

Cesar, Colombia’s shift from coal to livestock as an economic strategy raises concerns about replacing one high-emissions industry with another. While reducing dependence on fossil fuels is essential, livestock is already the top source of greenhouse gas emissions in the region and a key driver of deforestation. Though the sector supports jobs and food security, its expansion risks worsening land grabbing, social inequality, and environmental degradation. Climate-smart solutions like silvopastoral systems show promise but face cost barriers. The analysis also points to the untapped potential of sustainable, plant-based food systems as a longer-term, more resilient alternative.