Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) | Source | Report |
This OECD report develops a practical framework to improve interoperability across carbon-intensity metrics, focusing on regulatory MRV systems used in carbon pricing instruments such as emissions trading systems (ETSs) and carbon taxes. The analysis excludes MRV systems for land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF), though it notes that non-COâ‚‚ gases—particularly methane and nitrous oxide—remain challenging due to heterogeneous sectoral coverage. Rather than requiring full harmonisation, the report proposes a tiered approach to interoperability: (1) disaggregation and transformability for sectoral and gas coverage, allowing jurisdictions to translate data into comparable units; (2) alignment of estimation methods only where necessary; and (3) mutual recognition for verification and assurance frameworks. A critical implementation gap highlighted in the report is the lack of facility-level output data needed for product-level carbon-intensity indicators. To address this, the analysis draws on ETS free allowance allocation (FAR) rules—such as benchmarking and sub-installation classification—which already require output reporting and can serve as an initial foundation for product-level metrics. The report identifies remaining challenges including inconsistent system boundaries, uneven data quality, and the need for digital infrastructure to support cross-border carbon-market interoperability.
