Smart Net-Zero

December 1, 2025 | Eos |

This Eos analysis examines the scientific and methodological challenges of verifying carbon sequestration from climate-smart agriculture (CSA). While practices such as cover cropping, reduced tillage, and agroforestry are widely promoted, the authors argue that causal empirical studies—similar to methods used in medical trials—should be treated as the gold standard for assessing CSA impacts. Most existing evidence relies on small plot experiments or model projections, rather than measurements at commercial farm scale. The article highlights advances in remote sensing, modeling, and field measurements, while stressing that robust MRV systems are essential to ensure credibility in carbon markets and climate reporting.