Smart Net-Zero

November 9–20, 2026 | Hybrid | Antalya, Türkiye |

COP31 is the annual supreme decision-making body of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), with Türkiye serving as physical host and Australia leading negotiations. Convening under the theme "Era of Implementation," COP31 marks the transition from multilateral commitment-making to verifiable national delivery, building directly on the outcomes of the Global Stocktake completed at COP28, the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) adopted at COP30, and the synthesis of the second round of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs 3.0). Key agenda items include scrutiny of NDC ambition against the 1.5°C pathway, operationalization of the NCQG climate finance architecture, advancement of the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA), implementation of Loss and Damage funding mechanisms, and finalisation of Article 6 carbon market rules. A Pacific Pre-COP meeting and a dedicated high-level session on Small Island Developing States (SIDS) will be held alongside the main conference.